Book Citations
ECZEMA
Autoimmunity:
Rose, N. O. R. (n.d.). “The Common Thread How Autoimmune Diseases Are Related.” Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://autoimmune.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Common-Thread-Brochure.pdf.
Burden/prevalence:
Karimkhani C, Dellavalle RP, Coffeng LE, et al. Global Skin Disease Morbidity and Mortality: An Update From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(5):406-412. (link)
Laughter MR;Maymone MBC;Mashayekhi S;Arents BWM;Karimkhani C;Langan SM;Dellavalle RP;Flohr C;). “The global burden of atopic dermatitis: Lessons from the global burden of disease study. 1990-2017.” The British journal of dermatology. November 29, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33006135/.
Odhiambo JA;Williams HC;Clayton TO;Robertson CF;Asher MI. “Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from Isaac Phase three.” The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 16, Oct. 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20004783/.
Ceramides:
Di Nardo A. et al. “Ceramide and Cholesterol Composition of the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.” Department of Dermatology, University of Modena, Italy. Acta Derm Venereol. 1998 Jan;78(1):27-30.
Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Ballmer-Weber BK. “Atopic dermatitis – current insights into path physiology and management”. [Article in German] Allergiestation, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich. Ther Umsch. 2010 Apr;67(4):175-85.
Drake, David R et al. “Thematic review series: skin lipids. Antimicrobial lipids at the skin surface.” Journal of lipid research vol. 49,1 (2008): 4-11. doi:10.1194/jlr.R700016-JLR200
Essential Fatty Acids/GLA:
Morse, P F et al. “Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Epogam in the treatment of atopic eczema. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acid changes and clinical response.” The British journal of dermatology vol. 121,1 (1989): 75-90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01403.x
Humphreys, F. et al. “The Effects of Gamolenic Acid on Adult Atopic Eczema and Premenstrual Exacerbation of Eczema.” European Journal of Dermatology 4 (1994): 598-603.
Simon D;Eng PA;Borelli S;Kägi R;Zimmermann C;Zahner C;Drewe J;Hess L;Ferrari G;Lautenschlager S;Wüthrich B;Schmid-Grendelmeier P;, Simon D;Eng PA;Borelli S;Kägi R;Zimmermann C;Zahner C;Drewe J;Hess L;Ferrari G;Lautenschlager S;Wüthrich B;Schmid-Grendelmeier P. “Gamma-Linolenic Acid Levels Correlate with Clinical Efficacy of Evening Primrose Oil in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.” Advances in Therapy, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 17 Jan. 2014, Retrieved December 11, 2021 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24435467/.
Wright S. “Atopic Dermatitis and Essential Fatty Acids: A Biochemical Basis for Atopy?” Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1985;114:143–5.
Filaggrin and Skin Barrier:
Palmer CN;Irvine AD;Terron-Kwiatkowski A;Zhao Y;Liao H;Lee SP;Goudie DR;Sandilands A;Campbell LE;Smith FJ;O’Regan GM;Watson RM;Cecil JE;Bale SJ;Compton JG;DiGiovanna JJ;Fleckman P;Lewis-Jones S;Arseculeratne G;Sergeant A;Munro CS;El Houate B;McElreavey K; (n.d.). “Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein Filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis.” Nature genetics. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16550169/.
Sandilands, Aileen et al. “Comprehensive Analysis of the Gene Encoding Filaggrin Uncovers Prevalent and Rare Mutations in Ichthyosis Vulgaris and Atopic Eczema.” Nature Genetics vol. 39,5 (2007): 650-4. doi:10.1038/ng2020
Proksch E, Fölster-Holst R, Jensen JM. “Skin Barrier Function, Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation in Eczema.” Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany. Journal of Dermatological Science. 2006, 43(3):159-169.
Biagini Myers, J. M., & Khurana Hershey, G. K. “Eczema in early life: Genetics, the skin barrier, and lessons learned from birth cohort studies.” The Journal of pediatrics. Nov 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20739029.
Genetic and Epigenetic:
Nedoszytko, B., Reszka, E., Gutowska-Owsiak, D., Trzeciak, M., Lange, M., Jarczak, J., Niedoszytko, M., Jablonska, E., Romantowski, J., Strapagiel, D., Skokowski, J., Siekierzycka, A., Nowicki, R., Dobrucki, I., Zaryczańska, A., & Kalinowski, L. (2020). “Genetic and epigenetic aspects of atopic dermatitis.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(18), 6484. Retrieved November 20, 2021, from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186484
Winter / 2008. CureToday.com: Winter 2008 Article – “Medicine’s New Epicenter? Epigenetics”. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20090529011629/http:/www.curetoday.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/article.show/id/2/article_id/949.
Hunter, P. (2008, May 24). What genes remember . Prospect Magazine. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/whatgenesremember.
Zimmer, C. (2018, January 31). The famine ended 70 years ago, but Dutch genes still bear scars. The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/science/dutch-famine-genes.html.
Gut Microbiome:
Leung, Alexander K. C. et al. “Atopic dermatitis.” Advances in Pediatrics 54 (2007): 241-73 .
Strachan, D P. “Family size, infection and atopy: the first decade of the “hygiene hypothesis”.” Thorax vol. 55 Suppl 1,Suppl 1 (2000): S2-10. doi:10.1136/thorax.55.suppl_1.s2
Rautava, Samuli et al. “The hygiene hypothesis of atopic disease–an extended version.” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition vol. 38,4 (2004): 378-88. doi:10.1097/00005176-200404000-00004
Hon K, Leung TF. “Seromarkers in childhood atopic dermatitis.” Expert Review of Dermatology 5:3, 299-314. doi:10.1586/edm.10.21
Betsi, Gregoria I et al. “Probiotics for the treatment or prevention of atopic dermatitis: a review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials.” American Journal of Clinical Dermatology vol. 9,2 (2008): 93-103. doi:10.2165/00128071-200809020-00002
Osborn, D A, and J K Sinn. “Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity.” The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Oct. 17;(4) 2007. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006475.pub2
Rautava, Samuli et al. “Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant.” The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology vol. 109,1 (2002): 119-21. doi:10.1067/mai.2002.120273
Lee, Joohee et al. “Meta-analysis of clinical trials of probiotics for prevention and treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis.” The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology vol. 121,1 (2008): 116-121.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.043
Nylund, L. et al. “Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease.” BMC Microbiol 13, 12 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-13-12
Nylund, L. et al. “Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease.” BMC Microbiol 13, 12 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-13-12
Song H, Yoo Y, Hwang J, Na YC, Kim HS. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii subspecies-level dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome underlying atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Im- munol. 2015 Sep 30. pii: S0091-6749(15)01245-2.
Fleischer, D. M., Conover-Walker, M. K., Christie, L., Burks, A. W., & Wood, R. A. (2004). Peanut allergy: Recurrence and its management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 114(5), 1195–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.08.035
Martindale, R. (2019, February 1). Inflammation: Is the gut the driving force of … – youtube. Wholistic Matters. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41IfdwLqtkA.
Immunology:
Schmid(-Grendelmeier), P., Simon, D., Simon, H.-U., Akdis, C. A., & Wuthrich, B. (2001). “Epidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of the “intrinsic” (non-ige-mediated) type of atopic dermatitis (constitutional dermatitis).” Allergy, 56(9), 841–849. 2001. Retrieved December 11, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00144.x
McLean, W. H. Irwin. ”The Allergy Gene.” The Scientist Magazine®, 1 May 2010, Retrieved December 11, 2021, from http://www.thescientist.com/uncategorized/the-allergy-gene-42945
Melnik BC, Plewig G. “Atopy: A Prostaglandin E Precursor- and Receptor-Dependent Defect in T-cell Maturation and Function?” Br J Dermatol 1990;123:126–8.
Mora, J Rodrigo et al. “Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage.” Nature reviews. Immunology vol. 8,9 (2008): 685-98. doi:10.1038/nri2378
Denise C Hsu, Constance H Katelaris, “Long-term management of patients taking immunosuppressive drugs,” Australian Prescriber. 2009; 32:68-71. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2009.035
Itch:
Tominago, M., & Takamori, K. “Itch and Nerve Fibers.” Tominaga, M. and Takamori, K. (2014) Itch and Nerve Fibers with Special Reference to Atopic Dermatitis Therapeutic Implications. The Journal of Dermatology, 41, 205-212. – References – Scientific Research Publishing, https://scirp.org/(S(czeh2tfqyw2orz553k1w0r45))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1616305..
Elmariah, S. B. (2017). Adjunctive management of itch in atopic dermatitis. Dermatologic Clinics, 35(3), 373–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2017.02.011
Skin Microbiome:
Reference: Jacob SE, James WD. Bacitracin after clean surgical procedures may be risky. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2004 Dec 1;51(6):1036.
Kong, Heidi H., Julia Oh, Clay Deming, Sean Conlan, Elizabeth A. Grice, Melony A. Beatson, Effie Nomicos, et al. 2012. “Temporal Shifts in the Skin Microbiome Associated with Disease Flares and Treatment in Children with Atopic Dermatitis.” Genome Research 22 (5): 850–59.
Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R, Silverberg JI. Efficacy of bleach baths in reducing severity of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(5):435-440.
Verallo-Rowell VM, Dillague KM, Syah-Tjundawan BS. Novel antibacterial and emollient effects of coconut and virgin olive oils in adult atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis. 2008;19:308-315.
Staph Aureus:
Arikawa, Junko et al. “Decreased Levels of Sphingosine, a Natural Antimicrobial Agent, May Be Associated with Vulnerability of the Stratum Corneum from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis to Colonization by Staphylococcus Aureus.” The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 119 2 (2002): 433-9.
Blicharz, L., Rudnicka, L., & Samochocki, Z. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus: An underestimated factor in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis? Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 36(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2019.82821
ENVIRONMENTAL TRIGGERS
Genetically Modified and Altered Products:
Ashish Gupta et. al., “Impact of Bt Cotton on Farmers’ Health (in Barwani and Dhar District of Madhya Pradesh),” Investigation Report, Oct–Dec 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20180727151250/http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=6265
Yum, Hye-Yung et al. “Genetically modified and wild soybeans: an immunologic comparison.” Allergy and Asthma Proceedings vol. 26,3 (2005): 210-6.
Netherwood, Trudy et al. “Assessing the survival of transgenic plant DNA in the human gastrointestinal tract.” Nature Biotechnology vol. 22,2 (2004): 204-9. doi:10.1038/nbt934
Brown, H S et al. “The role of skin absorption as a route of exposure for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in drinking water.” American Journal of Public Health vol. 74,5 (1984): 479-84. doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.479
Chemical Triggers:
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (2018, March 22). Limiting the use of certain phthalates as excipients in CDER-regulated. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/limiting-use-certain-phthalates-excipients-cder-regulated-products.
Darbre, P D et al. “Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours.” Journal of Applied Toxicology vol. 24,1 (2004): 5-13. doi:10.1002/jat.958
Handa, Osamu et al. “Methylparaben potentiates UV-induced damage of skin keratinocytes.” Toxicology vol. 227,1-2 (2006): 62-72. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.07.018
Okamoto, Yoshinori et al. “Combined activation of methyl paraben by light irradiation and esterase metabolism toward oxidative DNA damage.” Chemical Research in Toxicology vol. 21,8 (2008): 1594-9. doi:10.1021/tx800066u
American Medical Association, Council on Drugs (1994). AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994 (Chicago, Illinois: American Medical Association).
Morshed, Khandoker M. et al. “Acute Toxicity of Propylene Glycol: An Assessment Using Cultured Proximal Tubule Cells of Human Origin.” Toxicological Sciences vol 23:1 (July 1994): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/23.1.38
Elizabeth Vliet MD. Screaming To Be Heard: Hormonal Connections That Women Suspect and Doctors Ignore. M. Evans and Company, Inc. New York 1995.
Choi, Hyunok et al. “Common household chemicals and the allergy risks in pre-school age children.” PloS One vol. 5,10 e13423. 18 Oct. 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013423
MODEL YEAR 2011/2012 Guide to New Vehicles, a report by THE ECOLOGY CENTER.
Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf et al. “The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study.” Environmental Health Perspectives vol. 112,14 (2004): 1393-7. doi:10.1289/ehp.7187
Schubert HJ. “Pesticides.” In: Rycroft RJG, Menné T, Frosch PJ, editor. in: Textbook of Contact Dermatitis. Berlin, Springer-Verlag; 1995. pp. 527-38.
Bruggen, A. H. C. V., He, M. M., Shin, K., Mai, V., Jeong, K. C., Finckh, M. R., & Morris, J. G. (2017, November 5). Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate. Science of The Total Environment. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717330279.
Jerschow, Elina et al. “Dichlorophenol-containing pesticides and allergies: results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology: Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology vol. 109,6 (2012): 420-5. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2012.09.005
Hunter, Paul R. “Apparent benefit of water filters may be an artifact of study design.” American journal of public health vol. 100,9 (2010): 1557-8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.194621
Johansen, Jeanne D. “Fragrance contact allergy: a clinical review.” American Journal of Clinical Dermatology vol. 4,11 (2003): 789-98. doi:10.2165/00128071-200304110-00006
Social Determinants of Health:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, April 6). About the CDC-Kaiser Ace Study |Violence prevention|injury Center|CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/about.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Facestudy%2Fabout.html.
ECZEMA TREATMENT
Cannabis and CBD:
Nam, G. et al. Selective cannabinoid receptor-1 agonists regulate mast cell activation in an oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model. Ann. Dermatol. 28, 22–29 (2016).
McMillan JM, Aitken E, Holroyd-Leduc JM. Management of insomnia and long-term use of sedative- hypnotic drugs in older patients. CMAJ 2013;185:1499–505.
Who | controlled substances. Who.Int. (2017, November 6). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf.
Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadala’, M. (1970, January 1). Figure 6-8 from a therapeutic effect of CBD-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars.: Semantic scholar. undefined. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-therapeutic-effect-of-cbd-enriched-ointment-in-Palmieri-Laurino/161d96bf8ccf0769084ac0c20d9906b5f89dba16/figure/1.
Maghfour, J., Rietcheck, H., Rundle, C., Runion, T., Jafri, Z. A., Dercon, S., Lio, P., Fernandez, J., Fujita, M., Dellavalle, R., & Yardley, H. (1970, January 1). An observational study of the application of a topical cannabinoid gel on sensitive dry skin.: Semantic scholar. undefined. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-Observational-Study-of-the-Application-of-a-Gel-Maghfour-Rietcheck/2d2f1daa37bfb21f2af43a0e9d304a5edf89fe83.
S;, S. S. L. N. L. H. H. (n.d.). Cannabidiol in anxiety and sleep: A large case series. The Permanente journal. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30624194/.
Complementary Medicine:
PA;, V. B. L. L. N. R. L. M. E. L. (n.d.). Complementary and alternative medicine for atopic dermatitis: An evidence-based review. American journal of clinical dermatology. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27388911/.
Evening Primrose Oil:
Morse NL, Clough PM, ”A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Efamol Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Eczema. Where Do We Go From Here in Light of More Recent Discoveries?” Current pharmaceutical biotechnology vol. 7,6 (2006): 503-24. doi:10.2174/138920106779116946
Anstey A, Quigley M, Wilkinson JD. “Topical evening primrose oil as treatment for atopic eczema.” J Dermatol Treatment 1991;1:199–201. doi:10.3109/09546639009086732
Guenther, L, and D Wexler. “Efamol in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 17,5 Pt 1 (1987): 860. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(87)80298-0
Meigel W. “Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.” Z Hautkr 1985;61:473–8.
Humphreys, F. et al. “The Effects of Gamolenic Acid on Adult Atopic Eczema and Premenstrual Exacerbation of Eczema.” European Journal of Dermatology 4 (1994): 598-603.
Horrobin, D F. “Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism and its Modification in Atopic Eczema.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition vol. 71,1 Suppl (2000): 367S-72S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.1.367s
Jak- Inhibitors:
Kaltwasser, Jared. “Report: 2 Patients With RA Experienced Peripheral Neuropathy on JAK Inhibitor.” AJMC (September 2021). https://www.ajmc.com/view/report-2-patients-with-ra-experienced-peripheral-neuropathy-on-jak-inhibitor
Natural Skin Care:
- Akihisa et al., “Anti-Inflammatory and Chemopreventive Effects of Triterpene Cinnamates and Acetates from Shea Fat,” Journal of Oleo Science, Vol. 59, 6:273-280.
Sanbongi et al. “Polyphenols in Chocolate, Which Have Antioxidant Activity, Modulate Immune Functions in Humans in Vitro.” Cellular Immunology., 177(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/info:doi/
Gasser, P et al. “Cocoa polyphenols and their influence on parameters involved in ex vivo skin restructuring.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science vol. 30,5 (2008): 339-45. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00457.x
Danby S.G., AlEnezi T., Sultan A., Lavender T., Chittock J., Brown K., Cork M.J. Effect of olive and sunflower seed oil on the adult skin barrier: Implications for neonatal skin care. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2013;30:42–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01865.x.
Fonseca, Yris Maria et al. “Efficacy of marigold extract-loaded formulations against UV-induced oxidative stress.” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 100,6 (2011): 2182-93. doi:10.1002/jps.22438
Pommier, P et al. “Phase III randomized trial of Calendula officinalis compared with trolamine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology vol. 22,8 (2004): 1447-53. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.07.063
Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief. Healing Arts Press, 2007.
Fiore C et al. “Antiviral effects of Glycyrrhiza species,” Phytotherapy Research.Vol. 22;2 (2008). 141-148.
Lee, Chan-Ho et al. “Protective mechanism of glycyrrhizin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice.” Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol. 30,10 (2007): 1898-904. doi:10.1248/bpb.30.1898
Teelucksingh, S et al. “Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid.” Lancet (London, England) vol. 335,8697 (1990): 1060-3. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92633-s
Kolbe, L. et al. “Anti-inflammatory efficacy of Licochalcone A: correlation of clinical potency and in vitro effects.” Arch Dermatol Res. 2006 Mar 22.
Rege, N N et al. “Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine.” Phytotherapy Research : PTR vol. 13,4 (1999): 275-91. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199906)13:4<275::AID-PTR510>3.0.CO;2-S
Bathala, Lakshmana Rao et al. “Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum for relieving stress: a preclinical study.” The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice vol. 13,6 782-6. 1 Nov. 2012, doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1229
Lahon K, Das S, “Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum alcoholic leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Albino rats.” Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute. Pharmacognosy Res. 2011 Jan-Mar; 3(1): 13–18.
Stücker, M et al. “Topical vitamin B12–a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis-evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial.” The British Journal of Dermatology vol. 150,5 (2004): 977-83. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05866.x
Protopic (Tacrolimus);
“FDA Approves Updated Labeling with Boxed Warning and Medication Guide for Two Eczema Drugs, Elidel and Protopic.” FDA Approves Updated Labeling with Boxed Warning and Medication Guide for Two Eczema Drugs, Elidel and Protopic, 19 Jan. 2006, https://communitydispatch.blogspot.com/2006/01/fda-approves-updated-labeling-with.html.
Elias, Peter M. “An Appropriate Response to the Black-Box Warning: Corrective, Barrier Repair Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis.” Clinical Medicine. Dermatology vol. 2 (2009): 1-3.
Paller, Amy S. et al. “No evidence of increased cancer incidence in children using topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis.” American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. April 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.075
Petronelli, Morgan. “Current and Upcoming Topicals in the Pipeline for AD.” Dermatology Times vol. 42:5 (May 2021).
Steroids:
Drucker AM;Eyerich K;de Bruin-Weller MS;Thyssen JP;Spuls PI;Irvine AD;Girolomoni G;Dhar S;Flohr C;Murrell DF;Paller AS;Guttman-Yassky E; (n.d.). Use of systemic corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis: International Eczema Council consensus statement. The British journal of dermatology. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28865094/.
Oral Corticosteroid Stewardship statement. Allergy Asthma Network. (2018, November). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/oral-corticosteroid-stewardship-statement.pdf.
TOPICAL STEROID WITHDRAWAL
Fukaya, M., Sato, K., Sato, M., Kimata, H., Fujisawa, S., Dozono, H., Yoshizawa, J., & Minaguchi, S. (2014, October 14). Topical steroid addiction in atopic dermatitis. Drug, healthcare and patient safety. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207549/.
What is TSW syndrome? ITSAN. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.itsan.org/what-is-tsw-syndrome/.
Rapaport M, “The Red Skin Syndromes: Corticosteroid Addiction and Withdrawal,” Expert Rev Dermatol, 2006;1(4): 558-559.
Hajar, Tamar et al. “A systematic review of topical corticosteroid withdrawal (“steroid addiction”) in patients with atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 72,3 (2015): 541-549.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.024
Lio, Peter A. & Chandan, Neha. “Topical Steroid Withdrawal in Atopic Dermatitis.” Practical Dermatology (Aug. 2019). https://practicaldermatology.com/articles/2019-aug/topical-steroid-withdrawal-in-atopic-dermatitis
Ballard, Angela. ”TSW: What the Eczema Community Needs to Know, Now.” National Eczema Association (March 2021). https://nationaleczema.org/tsw-need-to-know/
National Eczema Society & British Association of Dermatologists. “National Eczema Society and British Association of Dermatologists joint position statement on Topical Steroid Withdrawal.” (January 2021). https://eczema.org/wp-content/uploads/Topical-Steroid-Withdrawal-position-statement.pdf
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency & Commission on Human Medicines. “Topical steroid withdrawal reactions: a review of the evidence.” (September 2021). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/topical-steroid-withdrawal-reactions-a-review-of-the-evidence/topical-steroid-withdrawal-reactions-a-review-of-the-evidence
You, What Doctors Don’t Tell, Daniel Redwood DC, and Tom Ferguson MD. “Cataracts without Surgery.” Healthy.net, September 10, 2019. http://www.healthy.net/Health/Article/CATARACTS_WITHOUT_SURGERY/2725/3.
TOPICAL STEROID WITHDRAWAL TREATMENT
Cryotherapy:
American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/cosmetic/safety/cryotherapy
Low Dose Naltrexone:
Bigliardi, Paul L et al. “Treatment of pruritus with topically applied opiate receptor antagonist.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 56,6 (2007): 979-88. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.01.007
Younger, Jarred et al. “The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain.” Clinical Rheumatology vol. 33,4 (2014): 451-9. doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2517-2
No Moisture Treatment:
http://tokuko.chu.jp/tokukonoheya/menu
Avci, Pinar et al. “Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring.” Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery vol. 32,1 (2013): 41-52.
Traditional Chinese Medicine:
Uzun, S., Wang, Z., McKnight, T.A. et al. Improvement of skin lesions in corticosteroid withdrawal-associated severe eczema by multicomponent traditional Chinese medicine therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 17, 68 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-021-00555-0
Patient Rights:
Eczema Association of Australasia Inc. EAA Survey 2020 – The eczema impact report (1994-2019). April 2020.
Paller, Amy S et al. “Perceptions of physicians and pediatric patients about atopic dermatitis, its impact, and its treatment.” Clinical Pediatrics vol. 41,5 (2002): 323-32. doi:10.1177/000992280204100505
American Patient Rights Association. AHA Patient’s Bill of Rights. https://www.americanpatient.org/aha-patients-bill-of-rights/
MacDonald, Jolene. ”Caregivers – Appropriate Care Roadmap.” Nov. 2 (2021). https://www.itsan.org/2021/10/19/caregivers-appropriate-care-roadmap/
FDA Commitment:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Guidance: Drug Safety Information – FDA’s Communication to the Public.” March 2007. Accessed through Internet Archive. https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405042928/https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/08/briefing/2008-4377b1-02.pdf